mcp-mikrotik

A Model Context Protocol server for MikroTik RouterOS devices. It lets an MCP client (Claude Desktop, Claude Code, or any other MCP-compatible LLM tool) read a router's live state - interfaces, routes, DHCP, wireless, VPN, firewall, containers, logs, live traffic - and diagnose it (ping, traceroute, torch), so an operator or an LLM can answer "what's going on with this network" without opening WinBox. For a small, explicit, individually-reviewed set of changes, it can also write - every write is read-only by default, gated behind a central allowlist, and previewed before it's applied.

Philosophy: start read-only, make writes something you opt into and can review, never something an LLM reaches by accident. MIKROTIK_ALLOW_WRITE defaults to false - point this at a fleet and it can only ever read until you deliberately turn writes on. Even then there is no generic "run this RouterOS command" tool: every write is a dedicated, named function mapped to exactly one API path, and every one of them supports confirm=false to preview a change before confirm=true applies it. See "Security model" below for the full mechanism.

This is a from-scratch implementation, not a fork. It exists to correct a set of concrete failures found in an earlier project during a security audit: an unrestricted generic "run any API command" tool, an HTTP transport bound to 0.0.0.0 with no auth, command injection via string-built SSH calls, and no tests. See "Security model" below for how each of those is avoided here.

Status

1.10.0. Every planned tool round through Tier 2 has shipped, plus Tier 3's IPv6 parity item in full - reads (v1.9) and writes (v1.10) alike: the full read-tool inventory (interfaces, VLANs, routing IPv4 and IPv6, DHCP servers/leases/networks, wireless, VPN/WireGuard/PPP, containers, LTE/5G, USB, hotspot, live traffic, backups, firewall filter/NAT/mangle IPv4 and IPv6, bridge ports & VLAN filtering, SFP/optical monitor, certificates, users/RADIUS, NTP/clock, a heuristic security audit), guarded writes across identity/interfaces/wifi/bandwidth/DHCP/address-lists (IPv4 and IPv6)/PoE/containers/failover-routing (IPv4 and IPv6)/Netwatch/ DNS/Wake-on-LAN/firewall-rule-toggle (filter/NAT/mangle, IPv4 and IPv6)/firewall-rule-reorder/WireGuard/hotspot-vouchers/backup/VLANs/ PPP-PPPoE-secrets/NTP-servers, and the production-hardening layers this needs to run unattended against a real fleet - audit journal, correlation IDs, read retry, circuit breaker. See CHANGELOG.md for the full version-by-version history, and ROADMAP.md for what's next (and what's deliberately out of scope, and why).

The full pytest suite currently has 1597 tests (108 tools), all passing against an in-memory fake device layer (pytest -q), at 100% line coverage (CI enforces a 95% floor) - see "Development & CI" below. Many tools are additionally smoke-tested against real ROS6/ROS7 hardware before release (the v1.10 IPv6 writes are the exception - see CHANGELOG.md's v1.10 entry).

Installation

Requirements:

• Python 3.11+.
• A MikroTik device reachable over the RouterOS API (not WinBox, not SSH) - plain API port 8728, or api-ssl port 8729. RouterOS 6.49+ (the legacy wireless wifi stack) or 7.x (the wifi package) are both supported; several read/write tools (wireless_registrations, set_wifi_ssid, bgp_sessions) detect which generation a device speaks and use the matching path automatically.

With pip:

python -m venv .venv
source .venv/bin/activate
pip install -e ".[dev]"

With uv:

uv venv
source .venv/bin/activate
uv pip install -e ".[dev]"

Either way this installs the mcp-mikrotik console script (see "Running" below) plus .[dev] (pytest/pytest-asyncio/pytest-cov) for running the test suite locally.

Configuration

Configuration comes from environment variables plus an optional devices.yaml file.

1. Copy the examples:

   cp devices.yaml.example devices.yaml
   cp .env.example .env
   

2. Edit devices.yaml with your real devices and credentials. This file is git-ignored - it is never meant to be committed.

3. Edit .env (or export the variables another way) to control server-wide behaviour:

   Variable	Default	Meaning
   MIKROTIK_DEVICES_FILE	devices.yaml	Path to the devices YAML file
   MIKROTIK_ALLOW_WRITE	false	Enable write tools (see Security model)
   MIKROTIK_LOG_LEVEL	INFO	Log level for the server process (stderr); invalid values fall back to INFO with a warning
   MIKROTIK_TIMEOUT	10	Fallback connect timeout (seconds) for devices without their own timeout
   MIKROTIK_AUDIT_LOG	(unset)	File path for the JSON-lines write-audit journal; unset logs each event via logging (stderr) instead. See "Production features" below.
   MIKROTIK_READ_RETRIES	2	Extra retry attempts for read operations on a transient network error
   MIKROTIK_BREAKER_THRESHOLD	3	Consecutive connection failures before a device's circuit breaker opens
   MIKROTIK_BREAKER_COOLDOWN	30	Seconds a device's circuit stays open before a trial reconnect is allowed

Each device entry supports its own port and use_ssl, since a fleet is commonly a mix of plain API (8728) and api-ssl (8729) devices, and possibly a mix of RouterOS 6.x and 7.x. It can also override timeout (seconds; falls back to MIKROTIK_TIMEOUT, then 10s - useful for devices behind a slow link) and, when use_ssl: true, tls_verify (see "TLS verification for api-ssl" below).

Running

The server speaks MCP over stdio - it is meant to be launched by an MCP client (e.g. configured as a command in Claude Code), not run as a network service:

mcp-mikrotik
# or, without installing the console script:
python -m mcp_mikrotik.server

There is no HTTP transport at all - stdio only. If one is added in a future release, it must default to binding 127.0.0.1 (never 0.0.0.0) and require a bearer token from an environment variable - see the TODO(http-transport) note at the top of src/mcp_mikrotik/server.py.

Connecting an MCP client

Since mcp-mikrotik speaks MCP over stdio, any MCP-compatible client can launch it as a subprocess. For Claude Desktop, add it to claude_desktop_config.json:

{
  "mcpServers": {
    "mikrotik": {
      "command": "mcp-mikrotik",
      "env": {
        "MIKROTIK_DEVICES_FILE": "/absolute/path/to/devices.yaml",
        "MIKROTIK_ALLOW_WRITE": "false"
      }
    }
  }
}

For Claude Code, the equivalent is:

claude mcp add mikrotik --env MIKROTIK_DEVICES_FILE=/absolute/path/to/devices.yaml --env MIKROTIK_ALLOW_WRITE=false -- mcp-mikrotik

Use an absolute path for MIKROTIK_DEVICES_FILE - an MCP client typically launches the server from its own working directory, not this project's. Leave MIKROTIK_ALLOW_WRITE=false (the default) until you've read "Security model" below and deliberately want write tools enabled.

Example interactions

Once connected, an LLM caller uses the tools below directly by name. A few representative exchanges:

• "What's the status of my core-switch?" → calls system_info and interfaces, summarizes board/RouterOS version/uptime and which interfaces are up or down.
• "Is there a device on 192.168.88.50?" → calls dhcp_leases (and, if nothing turns up there, arp_table) filtered to that address, to tell a DHCP-assigned host from a statically-addressed one.
• "Limit the guest on 192.168.88.77 to 5 Mbps." → calls set_client_bandwidth(target="192.168.88.77", max_limit="5M/5M", confirm=false) first, shows the before/after preview, and only calls it again with confirm=true once you confirm - this requires MIKROTIK_ALLOW_WRITE=true on the server.

Tools

Read-only

Tool	Description
list_devices	List configured devices (passwords never included).
system_info	RouterOS identity + resource info (board, version, uptime, CPU/memory).
interfaces	List interfaces; include_disabled to include disabled ones (default: excluded).
list_vlans	List VLAN interfaces (/interface/vlan: name, vlan-id, parent interface, mtu, running, disabled, comment); include_disabled to include disabled ones (default: excluded), same convention as interfaces. See "VLAN management" below.
ip_addresses	List IPv4 addresses.
ip_routes	List the IPv4 routing table; optional limit (capped at 500).
neighbors	List neighbors discovered via CDP/MNDP/LLDP.
dhcp_leases	List DHCP server leases (address, mac, host-name, status, server, comment).
simple_queues	List Simple Queue entries (name, target, max-limit, limit-at, bytes counters, disabled) - see who already has a bandwidth limit and how much traffic they've moved.
address_lists	List firewall address-list entries (list, address, timeout, dynamic, disabled) - see who's currently in which named list.
firewall_nat	List IPv4 firewall NAT rules (chain, action, to-addresses, etc). Read-only - does not add/modify/remove rules.
scheduler	List scheduled tasks (name, on-event, interval, next-run, disabled).
ip_pools	List IP pools (name, ranges).
wireless_registrations	List wireless clients currently associated to the device. Tries the ROS7 wifi registration table first, falls back to the ROS6 wireless one; returns an empty list (not an error) for a device with no radio.
wireguard_peers	List WireGuard VPN peers (name, interface, public-key, endpoint, last-handshake, rx/tx, allowed-address, disabled). Never exposes a private-key or preshared-key, even defensively. Empty list (not an error) with no WireGuard interfaces. See "VPN & routing diagnostics" below.
wireguard_interfaces	List WireGuard tunnel interfaces (name, listen-port, public-key, running, disabled, mtu). Never exposes a private-key - RouterOS's own reply genuinely carries one here (unlike wireguard_peers), always stripped before returning. Empty list (not an error) with no WireGuard interfaces. See "WireGuard management" below.
ppp_active	List active PPP-based VPN server sessions (/ppp/active: name, service - l2tp/pptp/sstp/ovpn/pppoe, caller-id, address, uptime). Empty list (not an error) with no PPP server / no active sessions.
ppp_secrets	List CONFIGURED PPP/PPPoE secrets (/ppp/secret: name, service, profile, remote-address, local-address, disabled, comment, last-logged-out) - the dial-in credentials themselves, as opposed to ppp_active's currently-connected sessions. Never exposes a secret's password, even defensively. Empty list (not an error) with no PPP server. See "PPP/PPPoE secrets" below.
ipsec_active_peers	List active IPsec peers (remote-address, state, uptime, rx/tx, side). Empty list (not an error) for a device that doesn't use IPsec.
bgp_sessions	BGP session status (remote-address/as, state, uptime, prefix-count). Tries ROS7's /routing/bgp/session first, falls back to ROS6's /routing/bgp/peer; empty list (not an error) for a device that doesn't run BGP.
ospf_neighbors	OSPF neighbor adjacencies (address, state, router-id, adjacency). Empty list (not an error) for a device that doesn't run OSPF.
netwatch	List Netwatch host monitors (host, status up/down, interval, since, comment, disabled, plus has-up-script/has-down-script presence booleans - never the raw script body). The key read for diagnosing/building failover. See "VPN & routing diagnostics" below.
dns_cache	List cached DNS records (name, type, data, ttl).
firewall_filter	List IPv4 firewall filter rules (chain, action, etc). Read-only - does not add/modify/remove rules.
firewall_mangle	List IPv4 firewall mangle rules (/ip/firewall/mangle): chain, action, comment, disabled, plus whatever other fields RouterOS returns for a given rule - these vary a lot by action (e.g. mark-connection/mark-packet/mark-routing). Read-only - does not add/modify/remove rules. See "NAT & mangle rule toggle (by comment)" below.
connection_tracking	List active connections from /ip/firewall/connection, FILTERED - at least one of src_address/dst_address/dst_port/protocol is required (a ValidationError otherwise); capped at 100 rows with a truncated flag. See "Connection tracking (filtered)" below.
system_health	System health metrics (voltage, temperature, ...), if the device exposes any; empty list otherwise.
logs	Recent log entries; limit (positive, capped at 500) and optional topics substring filter, applied before the limit cut.
ping	Ping an address from the device; address is validated as IPv4/IPv6/hostname before use.
traceroute	Traceroute to an address from the device; returns the list of hops. address validated like ping's; count/max_hops are capped low (and a fixed short per-hop timeout used internally) so the command can't run long enough to hit RouterOS's own API command timeout. Diagnostic only - not gated by MIKROTIK_ALLOW_WRITE.
arp_table	List the IPv4 ARP table (address, mac-address, interface, dynamic, complete) - cross-reference IP↔MAC for a statically-addressed device that doesn't show up in dhcp_leases.
bridge_hosts	List /interface/bridge/host entries (mac-address, on-interface, bridge, dynamic, local) - find which physical bridge port a MAC is currently on.
interface_traffic	Current rx/tx rate of one interface (/interface/monitor-traffic once=yes); interface is validated for shape before use. A single instantaneous reading, not a stream - see "Physical layer & PoE control" below.
poe_status	PoE configuration + live consumption for every PoE-capable ethernet port on the device (voltage/current/power/poe-out-status); empty list (not an error) for a device with no PoE hardware. See "Physical layer & PoE control" below.
lte_status	Signal/status of one LTE/5G modem interface (/interface/lte/monitor once=yes) - operator, technology (3G/LTE/5G), signal (rsrp/rsrq/sinr/rssi), band, registration-status, cell-id. Empty dict (not an error) with no LTE hardware. See "LTE/5G monitoring" below.
lte_interfaces	List LTE/5G modem interfaces (name, running, disabled, apn-profiles). Empty list (not an error) with no LTE hardware.
containers	List containers (name/tag, status, ram-usage, root-dir, interface, os). Empty list (not an error) with no container package. See "Container management" below.
container_config	Container subsystem configuration (registry-url, tmpdir, ram-high). Empty dict (not an error) with no container package.
usb_devices	USB ports (/system/routerboard/usb) + attached storage (/disk) combined as {"usb_ports": [...], "disks": [...]}; either or both empty (not an error) with no USB hardware. See "USB" below.
list_write_operations	List every guarded write operation and the RouterOS path/action it maps to (metadata only, no gate).
security_audit	Read-only, heuristic security audit: aggregates several config reads into {"findings": [...], "summary": {...}}. See "Security audit" below.
security_events	Recent /log entries filtered to security-relevant ones (login/logout/auth-failure, critical/error topics); limit (positive, capped at 500, default 50) - same shape as logs' own limit. See "Security audit" below.
hotspot_active	List clients currently logged into the RouterOS hotspot (user, address, mac-address, uptime, bytes-in/bytes-out). Empty list (not an error) with no hotspot server / no one logged in. See "Hotspot vouchers" below.
torch	Live traffic snapshot of one interface (/tool/torch once=yes) - optional src_address/dst_address/port filters. Sorted by traffic volume (biggest talkers first) and capped at 50 flows, with truncated/total_matched. See "Live traffic monitoring (torch)" below.
list_backups	List backup files on the device (/file, filtered to *.backup): name, size, creation-time. See "Backup" below.
certificates	List certificates (/certificate): name, common-name, subject/issuer fields, invalid-before/invalid-after (raw), key-size/key-type, fingerprint, expired/trusted flags. Adds a computed daysUntilExpiry from invalid-after when parseable. Never exposes a private-key, even defensively. See "AAA/PKI visibility" below.
users	List RouterOS login accounts (/user): name, group, address (allowed-source restriction), last-logged-in, disabled, comment. /user never exposes a password over the API. Read only - no /user creation/edit (see "Roadmap & non-goals"). See "AAA/PKI visibility" below.
user_active	List currently active RouterOS management login sessions (/user/active: name, address, via, when) - who's logged into the device's own admin interface right now.
radius	List RADIUS server configuration (/radius): service, address, timeout, accounting-port, authentication-port. Never exposes the shared secret, same redaction mechanism as ppp_secrets. See "AAA/PKI visibility" below.
interface_monitor	Link/optical status of one ethernet interface (/interface/ethernet/monitor once=yes): status, rate, full-duplex, auto-negotiation, plus SFP/DDM optics fields when the port has an SFP cage and a module is present. Empty dict (not an error) with no reply. See "SFP/optical monitor, DHCP-server config, bridge VLAN filtering" below.
dhcp_servers	List DHCP server config (/ip/dhcp-server): name, interface, address-pool, lease-time, disabled, authoritative, comment - as opposed to dhcp_leases, which lists what a server has handed out. See "SFP/optical monitor, DHCP-server config, bridge VLAN filtering" below.
dhcp_networks	List DHCP server networks (/ip/dhcp-server/network): address, gateway, dns-server, netmask, domain, comment. See "SFP/optical monitor, DHCP-server config, bridge VLAN filtering" below.
bridge_ports	List bridge port membership (/interface/bridge/port): bridge, interface, pvid, disabled, edge, horizon, learn, comment. See "SFP/optical monitor, DHCP-server config, bridge VLAN filtering" below.
bridge_vlans	List the bridge VLAN filtering table (/interface/bridge/vlan): bridge, vlan-ids, tagged, untagged, comment, plus current-tagged/current-untagged when present - completes the VLAN story for a managed switch (bridge VLAN filtering), distinct from the standalone /interface/vlan interfaces list_vlans/add_vlan manage. See "SFP/optical monitor, DHCP-server config, bridge VLAN filtering" below.
ntp_client	NTP client configuration/status (/system/ntp/client): enabled, mode, plus whichever of ROS7's servers/freq-drift/status/synced-server/synced-stratum or ROS6's primary-ntp/secondary-ntp/server-dns-names the device actually returns - nothing invented. enabled normalized to bool | None. See "NTP client + clock" below.
system_clock	Device clock (/system/clock): time, date, time-zone-name, time-zone-autodetect, gmt-offset, dst-active. time-zone-autodetect/dst-active normalized to bool | None. See "NTP client + clock" below.
ipv6_addresses	List IPv6 addresses (/ipv6/address): address, interface, advertise, disabled, dynamic. Mirrors ip_addresses for IPv6. Empty list (not an error) if the ipv6 package is disabled. See "IPv6 read parity (v1.9)" below.
ipv6_routes	List the IPv6 routing table (/ipv6/route): dst-address, gateway, distance, active, dynamic, disabled. Mirrors ip_routes for IPv6, including its optional limit (capped at 500). Empty list (not an error) if the ipv6 package is disabled. See "IPv6 read parity (v1.9)" below.
ipv6_firewall_filter	List IPv6 firewall filter rules (/ipv6/firewall/filter): chain, action, etc. Mirrors firewall_filter for IPv6. Read-only - does not add/modify/remove rules. Empty list (not an error) if the ipv6 package is disabled. See "IPv6 read parity (v1.9)" below.
ipv6_neighbors	List the IPv6 neighbor discovery table (/ipv6/neighbor): address, mac-address, interface, status, dynamic. Mirrors arp_table for IPv6. Empty list (not an error) if the ipv6 package is disabled. See "IPv6 read parity (v1.9)" below.
ipv6_firewall_address_lists	List IPv6 firewall address-list entries (/ipv6/firewall/address-list): list, address, dynamic, disabled. Mirrors address_lists for IPv6. Empty list (not an error) if the ipv6 package is disabled. See "IPv6 read parity (v1.9)" below.

Write (guarded)

Every write tool below requires MIKROTIK_ALLOW_WRITE=true and is called twice: once with confirm=false (the default) to get a before/after preview, and again with confirm=true to actually apply it. See "Security model" below for the full guard mechanism.

Tool	Description
set_identity	Set a device's RouterOS identity (hostname).
enable_interface	Enable a network interface by name (disabled=no). Errors if the interface name doesn't exist; never creates one.
disable_interface	Disable a network interface by name (disabled=yes). Errors if the interface name doesn't exist; never creates one.
set_wifi_ssid	Set a wireless interface's SSID. Detects whether the interface lives under the ROS7 wifi package or the ROS6 wireless package and writes to whichever one matches; errors if the interface name isn't found under either. On ROS7, also detects whether the ssid is inline or lives on the interface's referenced configuration profile and writes to the right place - see "ROS7 wifi: configuration-based SSID" below.
set_client_bandwidth	Limit a client's bandwidth via a Simple Queue targeting an IP/subnet (target). Updates the existing queue's max-limit/limit-at if one already targets it, otherwise creates one with a name derived from target. FastTrack gotcha: if the device has a FastTrack firewall rule, fasttracked traffic bypasses queues entirely - this may have no visible effect until FastTrack is adjusted. See "Limiting a client's bandwidth" below.
add_static_dhcp_lease	Create a static DHCP lease pinning an IP address to a mac_address (useful to give a client a stable target before limiting it). Refuses to create a second lease for a MAC that already has one.
remove_simple_queue	Remove a Simple Queue by target or name - undoes a bandwidth limit.
add_to_address_list	Add an IP/subnet address to a named firewall list_name. Only manages the list - see "Blocking/allowing a client via address lists" below for why this alone doesn't block/allow anything. Refuses to create a duplicate list_name+address pair.
remove_from_address_list	Remove the list_name+address entry from a firewall address-list. Same "list only" caveat as add_to_address_list.
set_poe_out	Set a PoE-capable ethernet port's poe-out mode (auto-on/forced-on/off). Errors if interface_name doesn't exist, or exists but isn't PoE-capable; never creates/coerces anything. See "Physical layer & PoE control" below.
start_container	Start a container by name or tag (/container/start). Errors if container doesn't match any container; never creates one. See "Container management" below.
stop_container	Stop a container by name or tag (/container/stop). Errors if container doesn't match any container; never creates one. See "Container management" below.
set_route_distance	Adjust an existing route's distance (failover priority - lower wins). Resolved by the stable dst_address+gateway pair - never a dynamic .id/index. Errors if no route matches, or if more than one still does after that pair (AmbiguousResourceError). See "Failover control" below.
enable_route	Enable a route (disabled=no). Resolved by dst_address, narrowed by optional gateway/comment when more than one route shares it.
disable_route	Disable a route (disabled=yes). Same resolution as enable_route. The returned preview's warning field is non-null whenever the route is the default route (0.0.0.0/0/::/0) - disabling it cuts outbound traffic through that gateway. See "Failover control" below.
add_route	Add a static route (dst_address+gateway required, optional distance/comment). Never refuses a duplicate dst_address - multiple routes sharing one is the normal failover shape. warning is non-null when dst_address is the default route. See "Failover control" below.
remove_route	Remove a static route, resolved by dst_address (narrowed by optional gateway). Refuses outright (raises an error, removes nothing) if the resolved route is dynamic (dynamic=true - connected/DHCP/OSPF/BGP-installed). warning is non-null (not blocking) when removing a static default route. See "Failover control" below.
add_netwatch	Create a Netwatch host monitor (host, optional interval/comment). Never accepts an up-script/down-script - see "Failover control" below. Refuses a duplicate host.
remove_netwatch	Remove a Netwatch host monitor by host (tried first) or comment. Raises AmbiguousResourceError instead of guessing if more than one monitor still matches.
add_static_dns	Create a static DNS entry (/ip/dns/static) resolving name to address. record_type is "A" (default, address a literal IP) or "CNAME" (address is itself the alias target hostname). Refuses a duplicate name+record_type pair. See "DNS management" below.
remove_static_dns	Remove a static DNS entry by name, optionally narrowed by record_type. Errors if more than one row still matches after narrowing (AmbiguousResourceError) - never guesses which one to remove.
clear_dns_cache	Flush the device's DNS resolver cache (/ip/dns/cache/flush, no arguments). Benign (only cached answers are cleared), but still guarded/confirm-gated.
remove_dhcp_lease	Remove a DHCP lease (dynamic OR static) by address or mac_address - typically to force a client to renew its IP. The returned preview's warning field is non-null if the resolved lease is STATIC - removing it deletes the pinned IP↔MAC mapping, not just a renewable entry. See "DHCP lease removal" below.
wake_on_lan	Send a Wake-on-LAN magic packet (/tool/wol) for mac_address, out interface. Benign and targets no existing device row, but still guarded/confirm-gated. See "Wake-on-LAN" below.
enable_firewall_rule	Enable an EXISTING firewall filter rule (disabled=no), resolved by its comment (optionally narrowed by chain). Never creates a rule. See "Firewall rule toggle (by comment)" below.
disable_firewall_rule	Disable an EXISTING firewall filter rule (disabled=yes). Same resolution/never-creates guarantee as enable_firewall_rule.
add_wireguard_interface	Create a WireGuard tunnel interface (name, optional listen_port). RouterOS generates the private key internally - never accepted or returned by this tool. Refuses a duplicate name. See "WireGuard management" below.
add_wireguard_peer	Add a WireGuard peer to an existing interface (remote public_key, allowed_address, optional endpoint_address/endpoint_port/persistent_keepalive/comment). Never accepts a private-key or preshared-key. Errors if interface doesn't exist; refuses a duplicate public_key on the same interface.
remove_wireguard_peer	Remove a WireGuard peer from an interface, resolved by public_key or comment. Errors if more than one peer still matches after narrowing (AmbiguousResourceError) - never guesses which one to remove.
add_hotspot_user	Create a hotspot voucher user (name, password, optional profile/limit_uptime/limit_bytes_total). Refuses a duplicate name. Result always includes username/password/qr_payload - the plaintext password IS in the result (that's the point) but never in the audit journal. See "Hotspot vouchers" below.
create_backup	Create a RouterOS system backup file (name, optional encryption password). Refuses to overwrite an existing .backup file of the same name. password never appears in the result or the audit journal. See "Backup" below.
add_vlan	Create a VLAN interface (/interface/vlan): name, vlan_id (1-4094), parent interface, optional mtu/comment. Refuses a duplicate name. See "VLAN management" below.
remove_vlan	Remove a VLAN interface by name. Errors if no VLAN interface matches.
move_firewall_rule	Reorder an EXISTING firewall filter rule (/ip/firewall/filter move), resolved by its comment (optionally narrowed by chain) - same resolution as enable_firewall_rule/disable_firewall_rule. Never creates or edits a rule's fields - only its position changes, to either immediately before another rule (before_comment) or a given 0-based position. See "Firewall rule reorder (by comment)" below.
add_ppp_secret	Create a PPP/PPPoE secret (name, password, service - one of pppoe/pptp/l2tp/ovpn/sstp/any, default any - optional profile/remote_address/comment). Refuses a duplicate name. password DELIBERATELY appears in the result (echoed back as confirmation) but never in the audit journal - same asymmetry as add_hotspot_user. See "PPP/PPPoE secrets" below.
remove_ppp_secret	Remove a PPP/PPPoE secret by name. Errors if no secret matches, or if more than one somehow does (AmbiguousResourceError). The returned preview's before never includes the secret's password.
enable_nat_rule	Enable an EXISTING firewall NAT rule (disabled=no), resolved by its comment (optionally narrowed by chain - srcnat/dstnat). Never creates a rule. Same pattern as enable_firewall_rule. See "NAT & mangle rule toggle (by comment)" below.
disable_nat_rule	Disable an EXISTING firewall NAT rule (disabled=yes). Same resolution/never-creates guarantee as enable_nat_rule.
enable_mangle_rule	Enable an EXISTING firewall mangle rule (disabled=no), resolved by its comment (optionally narrowed by chain). Never creates a rule. Same pattern as enable_firewall_rule.
disable_mangle_rule	Disable an EXISTING firewall mangle rule (disabled=yes). Same resolution/never-creates guarantee as enable_mangle_rule.
set_ntp_servers	Set the NTP server(s) a device syncs its clock against (/system/ntp/client), servers (1+ IPv4/IPv6 addresses or hostnames). Detects ROS6 vs ROS7 field shape and writes to whichever one matches. Never enables/disables the NTP client itself. See "NTP client + clock" below.
enable_ipv6_firewall_rule	Enable an EXISTING IPv6 firewall filter rule (disabled=no), resolved by its comment (optionally narrowed by chain). Never creates a rule. Mirrors enable_firewall_rule on /ipv6/firewall/filter. See "IPv6 write parity (v1.10)" below.
disable_ipv6_firewall_rule	Disable an EXISTING IPv6 firewall filter rule (disabled=yes). Same resolution/never-creates guarantee as enable_ipv6_firewall_rule.
add_ipv6_route	Add a static IPv6 route (dst_address+gateway required, optional distance/comment). Mirrors add_route on /ipv6/route - never refuses a duplicate dst_address. dst_address/gateway must be IPv6 (an IPv4 value is rejected). warning is non-null when dst_address is the default route (::/0). See "IPv6 write parity (v1.10)" below.
remove_ipv6_route	Remove a static IPv6 route, resolved by dst_address (narrowed by optional gateway). Refuses outright (raises an error, removes nothing) if the resolved route is dynamic (dynamic=true). warning is non-null (not blocking) when removing a static default route (::/0). Mirrors remove_route on /ipv6/route.
add_to_ipv6_address_list	Add an IPv6 address/subnet to a named IPv6 firewall list_name (/ipv6/firewall/address-list). Only manages the list. Refuses to create a duplicate list_name+address pair. address must be IPv6. Mirrors add_to_address_list.
remove_from_ipv6_address_list	Remove the list_name+address entry from an IPv6 firewall address-list. Same "list only" caveat as add_to_ipv6_address_list.

Not yet exposed, deliberately: device reboot, backup RESTORE (/system/backup/load

• same risk class as reboot), and creating/generally modifying a firewall filter, NAT, or mangle rule (only the narrow disabled TOGGLE of an existing, admin-authored rule is exposed for all three - see "Firewall rule toggle (by comment)" and "NAT & mangle rule toggle (by comment)" below). See "Roadmap / non-goals" below for why.

Limiting a client's bandwidth (v0.3)

The typical flow to find and limit a client that's consuming too much of the link:

1. simple_queues and dhcp_leases / wireless_registrations to see who's on the network and whether they already have a limit.
2. Optionally, add_static_dhcp_lease to pin a chatty client's IP so its target doesn't drift to a different address on DHCP renewal.
3. set_client_bandwidth with confirm=false first to preview the max-limit/limit-at it would set (and whether it would create a new queue or update an existing one), then confirm=true to apply it.
4. remove_simple_queue (by target or name) to lift the limit later.

FastTrack gotcha: RouterOS's own quick-set wizards commonly add a FastTrack rule to /ip/firewall/filter for performance. Fasttracked connections bypass the whole queueing subsystem, including Simple Queue - so a queue created by set_client_bandwidth can silently have zero effect on a client whose traffic is already being fasttracked. If a limit doesn't seem to be taking effect, check firewall_filter for a FastTrack rule and adjust/disable it for the traffic you're trying to limit. mcp-mikrotik does not create or generally modify firewall rules - the only firewall filter write exposed is the narrow disabled toggle of an existing rule (enable_firewall_rule/disable_firewall_rule - see "Firewall rule toggle (by comment)" below).

Blocking/allowing a client via address lists (v0.4)

add_to_address_list/remove_from_address_list manage entries in a named /ip/firewall/address-list - nothing more. Adding an address to a list has no effect on traffic by itself. It only blocks or allows anything if a /ip/firewall/filter (or NAT) rule on the device already references that same list name, e.g.:

/ip firewall filter add chain=forward src-address-list=blocked-clients action=drop

mcp-mikrotik does not create or generally modify that rule for you - the only firewall filter write exposed is the narrow disabled TOGGLE of an existing, admin-authored rule (enable_firewall_rule/disable_firewall_rule

• see "Firewall rule toggle (by comment)" below, and "Roadmap / non-goals" further below for why rule creation itself still isn't) - use firewall_filter to check whether a rule referencing your list already exists on the device before relying on add_to_address_list to actually block or allow anyone. The typical flow:

1. Confirm (once, out of band - e.g. via WinBox/CLI, or just by reading firewall_filter) that a filter rule referencing your list name exists, e.g. src-address-list=blocked-clients action=drop on the forward chain.
2. dhcp_leases / wireless_registrations / neighbors to identify the client's IP.
3. add_to_address_list with confirm=false first to preview the entry it would add, then confirm=true to apply it. An optional timeout (e.g. "1d") auto-expires the entry instead of blocking/allowing permanently.
4. address_lists to check current membership; remove_from_address_list to lift a block/allow later.

Physical layer & PoE control (v0.6)

Three tools for the physical/L2 layer, aimed at fleets where devices are powered over PoE from a managed switch (e.g. a MikroTik CRS318-16P-2S+ feeding antennas at different PoE levels - 48V "high" and 24V "low"):

• arp_table/bridge_hosts (/ip/arp and /interface/bridge/host - see the read-tools table above) to cross-reference an IP to a MAC, and a MAC to the physical bridge port it's on.
• interface_traffic for a live rx/tx reading on one interface.
• poe_status for per-port PoE configuration and live consumption (voltage/current/power/poe-out-status) across every PoE-capable port - empty, not an error, on hardware with no PoE at all.
• set_poe_out to change a port's PoE output mode.

The killer use case: remote power-cycle a locked-up antenna/camera/AP. Rather than a truck roll to physically unplug/replug a device, if it's powered over PoE from a MikroTik switch:

1. bridge_hosts (or arp_table) to confirm which physical port the stuck device is on, if not already known.
2. poe_status to see its current poe-out/poe-out-status and confirm it's actually drawing power (voltage/current > 0) before assuming a PoE cycle will help.
3. set_poe_out with poe_out="off", confirm=false first to preview, then confirm=true to actually cut power to the port.
4. Wait a few seconds - poe_status again to confirm poe-out-status shows the port is no longer powered.
5. set_poe_out with poe_out="auto-on" (preview, then confirm) to restore power. forced-on is also available for ports/devices that need power regardless of RouterOS's own PoE detection/negotiation.

Like every other write tool, set_poe_out never creates or coerces anything: it raises ResourceNotFoundError if interface_name doesn't exist on the device at all, or if it exists but has no poe-out field (not PoE-capable hardware, e.g. an SFP+ cage) - see "Security model" below.

LTE/5G monitoring (v0.7)

For devices with a cellular WAN modem (LTE/5G):

• lte_interfaces to see which LTE interfaces exist on the device (name, running, disabled, apn-profiles).
• lte_status for one interface's live signal/status - operator (current-operator), technology (access-technology: 3G/LTE/5G), signal quality (rsrp/rsrq/sinr/rssi), band, registration-status, and cell-id. Built the same "monitor-once" way as interface_traffic/ poe_status (/interface/lte/monitor <interface> once=yes) - a single instantaneous reading, not a stream.

Both return empty (an empty list/dict, never an error) on a device with no LTE hardware or package at all - the same convention poe_status/ system_health already use for optional hardware.

Container management (v0.7)

RouterOS 7's container package runs OCI containers directly on the device (e.g. a lightweight metrics agent or a small web dashboard, without a separate host). The typical flow:

1. containers to see what's deployed (name/tag, status, ram-usage, root-dir, interface, os) and container_config for the subsystem-wide settings (registry-url, tmpdir, ram-high).
2. start_container/stop_container with confirm=false first to preview, then confirm=true to actually apply it. container matches against a container's name if it has one, falling back to its tag (the image reference, e.g. "grafana/grafana:latest") otherwise - RouterOS only populates name when the container was created with one explicitly.

Unlike enable_interface/set_poe_out (which flip a field synchronously), starting/stopping a container fires a RouterOS action command (/container/start//container/stop) that transitions asynchronously - the preview's after.status reflects the immediate transitional state ("starting"/"stopping"), not a guaranteed final one. Call containers again afterward to see the settled "running"/"stopped" status. See CHANGELOG.md's "How start/stop extends the guard" for how this new action-command shape was added to the write guard without weakening it. Like every other write tool, start_container/stop_container never create a container: an unmatched container raises ResourceNotFoundError. A device with no container package/hardware support at all raises the same ResourceNotFoundError (never a raw device-side error) - the same underlying condition containers() already degrades gracefully from (returns [] rather than erroring).

USB (v0.7)

usb_devices reads /system/routerboard/usb (physical USB ports, on boards that expose them) and /disk (attached storage - USB flash drives, and USB LTE/5G modems that surface as a disk rather than under routerboard/usb) and returns both as {"usb_ports": [...], "disks": [...]}, since which of the two a given USB device shows up under depends on the hardware. Either or both lists come back empty (never an error) on a board with no USB hardware at all.

SFP/optical monitor, DHCP-server config, bridge VLAN filtering (v1.7)

Five read-only tools closing out most of ROADMAP.md's Tier 2 - none of them touch the write guard or require MIKROTIK_ALLOW_WRITE:

• interface_monitor (/interface/ethernet/monitor once=yes): link status/rate/duplex for any ethernet port, built the same "monitor once" way as interface_traffic/poe_status/lte_status. On a port with an SFP cage AND a module inserted, the reply additionally carries DDM optics fields (sfp-temperature, sfp-supply-voltage, sfp-tx-power, sfp-rx-power, sfp-tx-bias-current, sfp-vendor-name, sfp-vendor-part-number, sfp-wavelength, sfp-module-present) - a plain copper port (the vast majority of ports on most hardware) simply has none of the sfp-* fields at all, and interface_monitor never invents one. Hardware caveat: this project's reference board (a mANTBox) has no SFP cage, so the command path is confirmed but the DDM field values have not been verified against real SFP optics - treat them as unverified until checked on hardware with an actual module.
• dhcp_servers / dhcp_networks (/ip/dhcp-server, /ip/dhcp-server/network): the DHCP server's own config (address-pool, lease-time, authoritative, and per-subnet gateway/dns-server/domain) - as opposed to the already-shipped dhcp_leases, which only lists what a server has handed out to clients.
• bridge_ports / bridge_vlans (/interface/bridge/port, /interface/bridge/vlan): together these complete the VLAN story for a managed switch (CRS/hEX-style hardware). The v1.2 VLAN tools (list_vlans/add_vlan/remove_vlan) only ever operate on standalone /interface/vlan interfaces - router-on-a-stick style routing, a different RouterOS mechanism from bridge VLAN filtering, which is how VLANs actually get segmented across a switch's physical ports. bridge_ports shows per-port pvid/edge/horizon/learn config; bridge_vlans shows the vlan-ids↔tagged/untagged port membership table, plus RouterOS's own computed current-tagged/current-untagged when the device's reply carries them.

All boolean-shaped fields these five tools touch are normalized with formatting.coerce_ros_bool (disabled on dhcp_servers/bridge_ports, full-duplex/sfp-module-present on interface_monitor) rather than compared against the string "true"/"false" - librouteros hands a RouterOS boolean back as a Python bool or omits the field entirely, never that string. Enum-shaped RouterOS fields that merely look boolean (auto-negotiation, authoritative, edge, learn - each of which can take a value like "auto" or "after-2sec-delay", not just yes/no) are deliberately left as RouterOS's own raw value instead.

NTP client + clock (v1.8)

The last item ROADMAP.md's Tier 2 named - closed out here. Two read tools plus one guarded write:

• ntp_client / system_clock (/system/ntp/client, /system/clock): NTP configuration/sync status and the device's own clock. Every field the device's reply actually carries is returned as-is
  • .get-based, nothing invented - only the boolean-shaped ones (enabled, time-zone-autodetect, dst-active) are normalized via formatting.coerce_ros_bool. Clock drift breaks certificate validation (see certificates's daysUntilExpiry), log timestamps, and scheduler timing - check both tools together when diagnosing any of those.
• set_ntp_servers (WRITE, guarded): sets the NTP server(s) a device syncs against. /system/ntp/client is the SAME RouterOS path on both generations (unlike set_wifi_ssid's genuinely different /interface/wifi vs /interface/wireless menus) - only the FIELD SHAPE differs, detected by reading the row once and checking which field is present: servers (ROS7's single comma-joined list) or primary-ntp (ROS6's fixed two-slot form) - the same "read first, then decide" detection set_wifi_ssid already established.
  • ROS7: writes the full comma-joined servers list.
  • ROS6: has no servers list at all. servers[0] maps to primary-ntp, servers[1] (if given) to secondary-ntp; anything beyond the first two is dropped, with warning naming exactly which ones. Older ROS6 firmware only accepts a literal IP in either slot - a hostname destined for one of those two slots is instead folded into server-dns-names (RouterOS's own DNS-name field for this menu) IF the device's row shows that field exists; if it doesn't, that hostname is NOT applied (never a value RouterOS would likely reject), and warning says so. If nothing at all ends up applicable, the tool raises a validation error rather than silently performing a no-op write.
  • Never enables/disables the NTP client itself - only the server list changes. warning also fires if the client is currently disabled (enabled=no): new servers won't be used until it's enabled separately (out of scope here - see "Roadmap & non-goals" below).
  • Hardware caveat: exercised only against this project's fake RouterOS connection (tests/fakes.py), not real ROS6 hardware - the ROS6 field shapes and the "older firmware rejects a hostname" claim are unverified on an actual device. See CHANGELOG.md.

IPv6 read parity (v1.9)

ROADMAP.md's Tier 3 "IPv6 parity" item, READ-ONLY side. Five read tools, each mirroring an existing IPv4 read field-for-field on the /ipv6/* equivalent of its path:

IPv6 tool	Mirrors
ipv6_addresses	ip_addresses
ipv6_routes	ip_routes (same optional limit, capped at 500)
ipv6_firewall_filter	firewall_filter
ipv6_neighbors	arp_table
ipv6_firewall_address_lists	address_lists

Trap this release specifically guards against: the entire /ipv6/* menu subtree raises if the ipv6 package is disabled on the device - a common, fully supported state, not every deployment runs IPv6. All five tools above use the same skip-if-missing pattern already established for other optional features (wireguard_peers, ppp_active, bgp_sessions, ospf_neighbors, ...): a DeviceCommandError from the /ipv6/* path is caught and an empty list is returned, never propagated as an error. Like the IPv4 reads they mirror (ip_addresses/firewall_filter/ arp_table/...), these tools pass RouterOS's rows through as-is - no server-side boolean coercion. The fixtures/tests use real Python bool values for disabled/dynamic/advertise/active (matching what librouteros actually returns), so the tests exercise the real shape.

IPv6 write parity (v1.10)

The WRITE side of the same ROADMAP.md Tier 3 item, closing it out entirely. Six guarded write tools, each mirroring an existing IPv4 write tool field-for-field on the /ipv6/* equivalent of its path:

IPv6 tool	Mirrors
enable_ipv6_firewall_rule / disable_ipv6_firewall_rule	enable_firewall_rule / disable_firewall_rule
add_ipv6_route / remove_ipv6_route	add_route / remove_route
add_to_ipv6_address_list / remove_from_ipv6_address_list	add_to_address_list / remove_from_address_list

IPv6-only address validation: dst_address/gateway/address on all six tools are validated as IPv6-only (validate_ipv6_dst_address, validate_ipv6_route_gateway, validate_ipv6_target in validation.py) - unlike the IPv4-or-IPv6 validators the IPv4 tools use, these explicitly REJECT an IPv4 match, since /ipv6/* has no IPv4 concept and forwarding one to the device would just surface RouterOS's own rejection instead of a clear client-side error.

The "ipv6 package disabled" trap behaves DIFFERENTLY here than for the v1.9 reads above: those catch DeviceCommandError and return [] (skip-if-missing). These six write tools deliberately do not - a write has no safe "nothing happened" empty-list shape to fall back to, so if the resolution step (reading existing rows to find the target rule/route/entry) hits a disabled ipv6 package, DeviceCommandError propagates as a normal write-tool error instead of being silently swallowed into a result that would look identical to "there was nothing to toggle/remove".

remove_ipv6_route carries remove_route's single most important safety property unchanged: it refuses outright to remove a dynamic route (dynamic=true, via formatting.coerce_ros_bool - never a == "true" string comparison). add_ipv6_route/remove_ipv6_route also carry the same default-route warning their IPv4 counterparts carry, checked against ::/0 instead of 0.0.0.0/0.

Hardware caveat: not verified against real hardware - exercised only against this project's fake RouterOS connection (tests/fakes.py), unlike v1.9's reads (verified on both real ROS6 and ROS7). See CHANGELOG.md.

VPN & routing diagnostics (v0.8)

Six read-only tools for VPN, routing-protocol, and failover diagnostics

• none of them touch the write guard or require MIKROTIK_ALLOW_WRITE:

• VPN sessions/peers: wireguard_peers (WireGuard), ppp_active (PPP-based VPN servers - l2tp/pptp/sstp/ovpn/pppoe), ipsec_active_peers (IPsec). Each covers a different RouterOS VPN mechanism; a device that doesn't use a given one returns an empty list, not an error. wireguard_peers never returns a private key, even defensively - see "Security model" below.

• Routing-protocol status: bgp_sessions (tries ROS7's /routing/bgp/session first, falls back to ROS6's /routing/bgp/peer - the same generation split wireless_registrations already handles for wifi) and ospf_neighbors. Empty list (not an error) for a device that doesn't run the protocol.

• netwatch: /tool/netwatch, RouterOS's own mechanism for watching a gateway or peer's reachability (commonly used to drive an up/down script

  • e.g. flipping a failover route). This is the key diagnostic read for understanding whether/how a device's own failover behavior is configured. The up-script/down-script fields are surfaced only as has-up-script/has-down-script presence booleans, never the raw script body - a Netwatch script can contain arbitrary RouterOS commands (route changes, credential changes, ...) that don't belong in a read tool's output.

These six were the read-only foundation v0.8 shipped for failover tooling; v0.9 (below) adds the corresponding write tools.

Failover control (v0.9)

Five guarded write tools - set_route_distance, enable_route/ disable_route, add_netwatch/remove_netwatch - are the atomic building blocks for adjusting a RouterOS failover setup. Deliberately small, composable steps, not one black-box "do a failover" command: an LLM caller (or a human operator) combines them, previewing each one before applying it. add_route/remove_route (v1.5, below) extend the same /ip/route family with the two writes that were still missing: creating and removing a route outright, rather than only adjusting one already on the device.

Recommended flow:

1. netwatch (read) and ip_routes (read) to see the current setup - which gateways are being watched, and which routes/distances currently determine which one wins.
2. add_netwatch (confirm=false first to preview, then confirm=true) to start watching a gateway/peer's reachability, if not already monitored. This tool never accepts an up-script/down-script parameter (see below) - it only creates the observable host/status/interval/comment row. RouterOS's own up/down-script mechanism (configured manually, out-of-band, on the device - WinBox/CLI) is what actually reacts to a Netwatch status change; this package deliberately does not create or modify a script for you, e.g. by generating one that calls set_route_distance/disable_route on transition - see "Netwatch scripts are never accepted" below for why.
3. To actually switch which route wins, either:
   • set_route_distance (preview, then confirm) to change a route's priority (lower distance wins) relative to another route with the same dst-address - the non-destructive way to fail over: both routes stay present and enabled, only their relative priority changes.
   • disable_route/enable_route (preview, then confirm) to take a route out of/back into consideration entirely.
4. ip_routes (read) again afterward to confirm the routing table now reflects what you intended.

RISK - the default route. disable_route's returned preview carries a non-null warning field whenever the route being disabled is the default route (dst-address = 0.0.0.0/0 or ::/0) - disabling it cuts all outbound traffic that relies on that gateway, not just traffic to one destination. This is set on both the confirm=false preview and the confirm=true applied result, so a caller reading only applied/after still cannot miss it. Always read the warning field before calling again with confirm=true - and prefer set_route_distance over disable_route/enable_route for the default route specifically when possible: changing which of two already-enabled default routes has the lower distance fails over without ever leaving the device with zero enabled default routes at any point in between.

Route resolution: stable identifiers, never an index. All three route tools resolve the target row by its dst-address, narrowed by gateway and/or comment when more than one route shares that dst-address - exactly the failover shape (e.g. two 0.0.0.0/0 routes to different gateways). Never by a RouterOS .id (reassigned as routes are added/ removed elsewhere on the device) or a list index (even less stable). If nothing matches, ResourceNotFoundError. If more than one route still matches after narrowing, AmbiguousResourceError - the tool never guesses; the caller must add (or correct) gateway/comment.

Netwatch resolution: same rigor as routes. remove_netwatch resolves its target by host (tried first if both are given), falling back to comment, exactly like the route tools above - never a RouterOS .id. add_netwatch itself refuses to create a second monitor for a host that already has one, but a device can still end up with more than one row sharing a host/comment via manual (WinBox/CLI) configuration outside this tool; if so, remove_netwatch raises AmbiguousResourceError instead of removing the first match - never a silent guess.

Netwatch scripts are never accepted. add_netwatch has no up_script/down_script parameter at all - not validated-and-rejected, genuinely absent from the tool's signature - because a Netwatch script body can run arbitrary RouterOS commands (route changes, credential changes, ...), exactly the class of caller-controlled-arbitrary-command vector this package's write guard exists to rule out (see "Security model" below and guard.py's module docstring). Configure up/down scripts manually on the device (WinBox/CLI) once the monitor exists. The read-only netwatch tool already only ever surfaces has-up-script/has-down-script as presence booleans, never a script body, for the same reason.

Static route add/remove (v1.5)

add_route/remove_route close out the route family started in v0.9, reusing the same _resolve_route machinery set_route_distance/ enable_route/disable_route already use - a route is always identified by its stable dst-address (+ optional gateway, and for add_route's disambiguating siblings comment), never a RouterOS .id/list index.

The default-route warning fires in both directions. Exactly like disable_route, both add_route and remove_route set a non-null warning field - on both the confirm=false preview and the confirm=true applied result - whenever dst_address is the default route (0.0.0.0/0/::/0): adding/overriding it redirects all outbound traffic through the new gateway; removing it cuts outbound traffic that relies on the old one. Always read warning before calling again with confirm=true.

add_route never refuses a duplicate dst_address. Unlike add_vlan/add_static_dns, two (or more) routes sharing a dst-address is the normal failover shape - a second 0.0.0.0/0 pointing at a backup gateway is exactly what this tool is for, so it never raises ResourceAlreadyExistsError.

SAFETY GUARANTEE - remove_route refuses to remove a dynamic route, outright. If the resolved row's dynamic field is "true" (a connected/DHCP/OSPF/BGP-installed route - RouterOS creates these itself, an operator did not), remove_route raises an error before building any preview and without ever calling the write primitive - this is a hard refusal, not merely a warning (contrast remove_dhcp_lease, which warns but still allows removing a static lease). Removing a device's connected/ dynamic route can sever the network entirely, so this tool only ever manages static, admin-created routes; if removing a dynamic route is genuinely intended, do it manually on the device (WinBox/CLI).

DNS management (v0.10)

add_static_dns/remove_static_dns manage /ip/dns/static - typical uses:

• Block a malicious/unwanted domain: add_static_dns with address set to 0.0.0.0 (or another sinkhole address) - any client that resolves the blocked name through this device's DNS server gets that address instead of the real one.
• Internal DNS override: point an internal hostname at a specific internal IP, or (record_type="CNAME") alias one hostname to another.

record_type selects what address means: "A" (default) is a literal IPv4/IPv6 address; "CNAME" means address is itself another hostname (the alias target), written to RouterOS's cname field - a CNAME row has no address field of its own on the device.

Resolution: name+record_type, never a dynamic index. add_static_dns refuses to create a second row for the same name+record_type pair (ResourceAlreadyExistsError) - this also means RouterOS round-robin DNS (two "A" records sharing a name but pointing at different addresses) is not something this tool creates; add the second record manually on the device if that's genuinely intended. remove_static_dns resolves by name, narrowed by record_type if given; if more than one row still matches after narrowing (e.g. an existing round-robin pair), AmbiguousResourceError - the tool never guesses which one to remove.

clear_dns_cache (/ip/dns/cache/flush) is unrelated to /ip/dns/static - it clears cached upstream DNS answers, not any configured entry. Benign (cached answers repopulate on the next resolution) but still a guarded, confirm-gated write, like every other tool here.

DHCP lease removal (v0.10)

remove_dhcp_lease removes an existing /ip/dhcp-server/lease row by address or mac_address (mac_address is tried first if both are given - the more stable identifier, since an address can be reused by a different lease over time). The typical use is forcing a client to renew its IP: the existing lease is deleted, and the client is offered a new one on its next DHCP exchange.

This removes EITHER a dynamic or a static lease. RouterOS's dynamic field on the resolved row tells them apart. Removing a DYNAMIC lease is the ordinary case above. Removing a STATIC lease (one pinned by add_static_dhcp_lease) is also allowed - not blocked outright - but it deletes the pinned IP↔MAC mapping itself, not just a renewable entry, so the returned preview's warning field is non-null whenever the resolved lease is static, on both the confirm=false preview and the confirm=true applied result. Always check warning before calling again with confirm=true.

Wake-on-LAN (v0.10)

wake_on_lan sends a /tool/wol magic packet for mac_address, out interface. Unlike every other write tool in this package, there is nothing existing on the device to resolve or verify first - mac_address/ interface are validated for shape only (this does NOT check that interface exists on the device; RouterOS itself rejects an unknown interface name at send time). Benign - it never changes device configuration - but still guarded/confirm-gated like every other write tool, so an LLM caller can't wake a machine "by accident".

Firewall rule toggle (by comment) (v0.11)

Creating or generally modifying a firewall filter rule stays out of scope (see "Roadmap / non-goals" below): a single wrong rule - e.g. one that blocks the API port itself - can lock out all remote management access to the device, with no way to recover it over the same connection. That risk can't be designed away from inside the tool itself, so instead of exposing rule authorship, v0.11 exposes only the narrowest safe operation on top of an existing rule: flipping its disabled field.

The intended workflow (the community-suggested design this round follows): an admin creates a rule ahead of time, on the device itself, reviews it once, and leaves it disabled -

/ip firewall filter add chain=forward src-address-list=attacker-x \
  action=drop comment="Bloqueio_Ataque_X" disabled=yes

• and an LLM caller later enables it via enable_firewall_rule when it detects the condition the rule exists to guard against:

enable_firewall_rule(device_name="core-switch", comment="Bloqueio_Ataque_X", confirm=false)  # preview
enable_firewall_rule(device_name="core-switch", comment="Bloqueio_Ataque_X", confirm=true)   # apply

If something goes wrong, the admin knows exactly which rule was toggled - the same one they already wrote and reviewed, never a rule this package authored on its own judgment. disable_firewall_rule reverses it the same way.

Resolution: comment, never a dynamic index. Both tools resolve the target rule by its comment - a STABLE, admin-controlled identifier - optionally narrowed by chain if two rules share the same comment on different chains. A comment that matches no rule raises ResourceNotFoundError (never falls back to creating one); a comment that still matches more than one rule after narrowing raises AmbiguousResourceError - the tool never guesses which one to toggle. The returned preview's before/after are the full matched rule (every field RouterOS returned for it - chain/action/etc, not just disabled), so the caller can confirm WHICH rule this is before ever passing confirm=true.

NAT & mangle rule toggle (by comment) (v1.4)

enable_nat_rule/disable_nat_rule and enable_mangle_rule/ disable_mangle_rule extend the exact pattern above to the other two firewall menus: /ip/firewall/nat (already read-only since v0.4 via firewall_nat) and /ip/firewall/mangle (read-only tool firewall_mangle added this same round). Same reasoning, same guarantees, same resolution:

• Never creates a rule. An admin creates the NAT/mangle rule ahead of time, on the device itself, reviews it once, and leaves it disabled; an LLM caller later enables it via enable_nat_rule/enable_mangle_rule when it detects the condition the rule exists to guard against - e.g. a port-forward left disabled until a maintenance window, or a traffic-mark rule staged for a QoS change. Why this matters just as much here as for filter: disabling the wrong NAT rule can cut a whole LAN's Internet access (e.g. the srcnat/masquerade rule), and mangle rules commonly feed routing/QoS decisions downstream - creation/free-form edit stays out of scope for the same lockout reasoning "Firewall rule toggle (by comment)" above explains for filter (see ROADMAP.md's "Explicitly NOT on the roadmap").
• Resolution: comment, never a dynamic index, optionally narrowed by chain (NAT: srcnat/dstnat; mangle: prerouting/postrouting/ forward/input/output, or a custom jump-target chain on either menu - chain is shape-only, not a fixed enum, same as filter's). A comment matching no rule raises ResourceNotFoundError; one still matching more than one rule after narrowing raises AmbiguousResourceError - never guesses which one to toggle.
• Implementation note: both pairs share the exact same guard.py helper the filter pair (v0.11) already used (_set_firewall_rule_disabled), generalized with a resource_label parameter so ResourceNotFoundError/AmbiguousResourceError name the right menu ("Firewall filter rule" / "Firewall NAT rule" / "Firewall mangle rule") - the resolution logic itself was already path-agnostic, so nothing about it changed for filter.

enable_nat_rule(device_name="core-switch", comment="rdp-forward-maintenance", confirm=false)  # preview
enable_nat_rule(device_name="core-switch", comment="rdp-forward-maintenance", confirm=true)   # apply

Connection tracking (filtered) (v0.11)

connection_tracking reads RouterOS's connection tracking table (/ip/firewall/connection) - useful to see what a client is actually talking to right now, e.g. while investigating the traffic a set_client_bandwidth/add_to_address_list decision was based on.

A filter is mandatory - on a production router, the full table can be large enough to blow straight past an LLM caller's context/token budget on its own (a community-reported gotcha this tool is built to avoid). Calling it with none of src_address/dst_address/dst_port/protocol set raises a ValidationError instead of returning everything.

The result is also hard-capped at 100 rows regardless of how many match: truncated is true whenever more rows matched than were returned, and total_matched always reports the real, pre-truncation count - so a caller always knows whether it's seeing everything or should narrow the filter further.

Each returned entry: protocol, src-address/src-port and dst-address/dst-port (RouterOS packs address+port into one field, e.g. "192.0.2.1:80" - this tool splits them apart), tcp-state (populated for TCP connections), timeout, and the assured/confirmed/seen-reply flags - RouterOS's own closest equivalent to a generic "connection state" for this table.

Security audit (v0.12)

Two read-only tools, both in src/mcp_mikrotik/security.py, built for the "analyze this router's security" use case: an LLM caller reads config and recent logs and reports what it sees, rather than an operator manually walking every menu.

security_audit(device_name) runs eight independent, defensive checks and returns {"findings": [{"severity", "category", "title", "detail", "recommendation"}, ...], "summary": {"high", "medium", "low", "info"}} - findings sorted by severity (high first), summary always including all four keys (0 for a severity with no findings):

1. Insecure management services (/ip/service): telnet/ftp/www/ api enabled (cleartext/non-SSL protocols) - high if telnet/ftp is also open to any address (address empty or 0.0.0.0/0), medium if www/api is, low if enabled but restricted to a narrower range. winbox enabled and open to any address is its own medium finding. ssh/api-ssl/www-ssl are never flagged - they're the secure counterparts a caller is expected to prefer.
2. Firewall input chain has no final drop/reject (/ip/firewall/filter chain=input): a conservative heuristic based on rule order alone - if the LAST enabled rule on chain=input isn't action=drop/reject (or there are no enabled input rules at all), a medium finding recommends reviewing whether unmatched management traffic is actually blocked. This does not claim certainty - RouterOS's real evaluation semantics (jump chains, address-list matches, etc.) are richer than one rule's position can prove; see security.py's _check_firewall_input_drop docstring.
3. SNMP community open (/snmp/community): a community named public (RouterOS's default) or with no addresses restriction (empty/ 0.0.0.0/0) - medium.
4. DNS resolver open to remote requests (/ip/dns allow-remote-requests=yes) - medium; can be abused for DNS amplification/reflection if not also restricted by the firewall.
5. RouterOS outdated (/system/package/update): installed version differs from the latest available - low. Skipped (no finding) if the device hasn't checked for updates yet.
6. Open wireless/wifi (no security at all): ROS6 /interface/wireless/security-profiles with mode=none, or ROS7 /interface/wifi/security with no passphrase AND no authentication-types configured (802.1X/EAP setups legitimately have no passphrase, so only BOTH absent counts) - high.
7. Users with a write/full policy (/user): an info finding counting how many configured accounts have a write/full group - visibility, not a vulnerability by itself.
8. Certificate expired or expiring soon (/certificate, v1.6): high if a certificate is expired, medium if it expires within 30 days. Trusts RouterOS's own expired flag (via coerce_ros_bool) OR a negative daysUntilExpiry computed from invalid-after - either is sufficient on its own, so a device that only reliably exposes one of the two still gets a correct answer; a certificate with neither available contributes no finding. See "AAA/PKI visibility" below.

Each check is defensive: it reads its own menu(s) and, if that menu doesn't exist on this device/RouterOS generation (DeviceCommandError), contributes no findings instead of failing - the same "empty/skipped, not an error" convention system_health/poe_status/wireless_registrations already use. One check being unavailable never stops the rest of the audit.

NEVER a scanner, NEVER definitive. Every check here is a best-effort read of a handful of RouterOS menus - it can both under-report (a real misconfiguration this module doesn't know to look for) and, for check #2 specifically, over-report on an unusual-but-intentional ruleset. Findings exist to prompt a human/LLM review, not to be treated as ground truth.

No finding ever contains a secret. /ip/service, /snmp/community, /interface/wireless/security-profiles, /interface/wifi/security, and /user can all carry a password/passphrase/community-string-shaped field - no check ever copies a raw row (or a credential field from one) into a finding; each finding's text is built from a fixed template referencing only non-secret fields (name, mode, address restriction, boolean presence checks, counts). See tests/test_security.py's test_run_security_audit_never_leaks_a_secret (unit-level, every secret-bearing menu populated with a distinctive marker value while multiple checks are made to fire) and test_server.py's test_security_audit_* (the same guarantee exercised through the actual MCP tool call).

security_events(device_name, limit=50) filters /log down to security-relevant entries: topic account (RouterOS's own topic for login/logout/authentication-failure events), critical/error topics, and a generic system,info entry whose message looks like a login/logout. Filtering happens client-side (the same reasoning logs' topics filter already documents) and is applied BEFORE the limit cut, so a caller always gets the most recent limit MATCHING entries - limit is capped at 500, same shape as logs' own limit. Useful to correlate access attempts/anomalies without reading the entire (often much larger) unfiltered log via logs.

Both tools are read-only - neither is gated by MIKROTIK_ALLOW_WRITE, and neither changes anything on the device.

AAA/PKI visibility (v1.6)

Four read-only tools closing out most of ROADMAP.md's Tier 2 - certificate expiry, users/AAA, and RADIUS - all in src/mcp_mikrotik/server.py.

certificates(device_name) lists /certificate: name, common-name, subject/issuer fields (if present), invalid-before/invalid-after (raw RouterOS date strings), key-size/key-type, fingerprint, and RouterOS's own expired/trusted flags returned as-is (use formatting.coerce_ros_bool if you need to branch on them rather than just display them).

A computed daysUntilExpiry (negative once past due) is added from invalid-after whenever it can be parsed. RouterOS's own date rendering varies by version/locale - formatting.parse_ros_datetime handles the two confirmed shapes ("2027-01-15 12:00:00" and "jan/15/2027 12:00:00", the latter matched against a fixed English month-abbreviation table rather than strptime's locale-dependent %b, since RouterOS always renders it in English regardless of the server process's own locale) and is DEFENSIVE BY DESIGN: an unrecognized/unparseable date never raises - daysUntilExpiry is simply omitted and the raw invalid-after string is left untouched.

SECURITY: /certificate's own API reply never carries a private key (RouterOS only returns certificate metadata over the API) - a private-key field is nonetheless stripped defensively before returning (strip_sensitive_fields), the same mechanism ppp_secrets/ wireguard_interfaces already use, in case a future RouterOS version or firmware quirk ever adds one.

security_audit's check #8 (see "Security audit" above) uses this exact same expiry logic (formatting.days_until) to flag an expired or soon-to-expire certificate as a finding, so the read tool and the audit check can never disagree about what "expiring soon" means.

users(device_name) lists /user: name, group, address (an allowed-source restriction, if the account has one), last-logged-in (if RouterOS exposes it), disabled, comment. /user's own API reply never carries a password at all - RouterOS doesn't expose it over the API - so there's nothing to strip here, unlike ppp_secrets/radius. This is a READ only: creating or editing a /user login stays deliberately out of scope for this package - see "Roadmap & non-goals" below for why a router login is a different risk class from a service credential like a PPP secret or hotspot user.

user_active(device_name) lists /user/active: name, address, via (e.g. api/winbox/ssh/web), when - who is currently logged into the device's own management right now, as opposed to users' CONFIGURED accounts.

radius(device_name) lists /radius: service, address, timeout, accounting-port, authentication-port, and whatever other fields RouterOS returns for a given entry.

SECURITY: RouterOS's own /radius reply carries the plaintext shared secret - this is ALWAYS stripped before returning (strip_sensitive_fields), the exact mechanism ppp_secrets uses for /ppp/secret's password and wireguard_interfaces uses for a tunnel interface's private-key. A RADIUS shared secret never leaves this process via this tool. See tests/test_server.py's test_radius_never_exposes_secret.

All four tools return an empty list (never an error) if their menu is unavailable on a given device/RouterOS generation - the same convention every other optional read in this package uses.

WireGuard management (v0.13)

The most security-sensitive round in this package's history: WireGuard uses private keys. The absolute rule this round is built around: no tool, error message, preview, or audit journal entry may ever contain one. Private keys stay on the router - period.

Four tools, all covering /interface/wireguard and /interface/wireguard/peers:

• wireguard_interfaces (read) - lists tunnel interfaces (name, listen-port, public-key, running, disabled, mtu). RouterOS's own reply for this menu genuinely carries a private-key field - always stripped before returning. wireguard_peers (v0.8) is unchanged in shape but now also strips a peer's preshared-key (a real, optional field on that menu) the same way.
• add_wireguard_interface (write, guarded) - creates a tunnel interface (name, optional listen_port). RouterOS generates the private key internally when the interface is created - there is no private_key parameter on this tool at all, so there is no code path through which a caller could ever supply (or receive back) one. The confirm=false preview's after only describes what will be created (name/listen-port) - it never invents a public-key, since RouterOS hasn't generated the key pair yet at preview time. Only the confirm=true applied result re-reads the newly created interface and reports its real public-key (safe to share - it's what a remote peer needs to connect to you), with private-key always stripped. Refuses to create a second interface sharing name.
• add_wireguard_peer (write, guarded) - registers a remote peer on an existing interface: its public_key (validated as a 44-character base64 WireGuard key), allowed_address (a comma-separated list of CIDR ranges, e.g. "10.0.0.2/32,10.0.0.3/32"), and optional endpoint_address/endpoint_port/persistent_keepalive/comment. Has no private_key or preshared_key parameter either - the remote peer's own private key (and any preshared key) are entirely out of this tool's scope. interface must already exist (create it first with add_wireguard_interface); refuses to add a duplicate peer (same public_key already registered on the same interface).
• remove_wireguard_peer (write, guarded) - removes a peer from an interface, resolved by public_key or comment. Errors if more than one peer still matches after narrowing (AmbiguousResourceError) - never guesses which one to remove.

Typical flow to stand up a site-to-site or road-warrior tunnel:

1. add_wireguard_interface (confirm=false to preview, then confirm=true) to create the tunnel interface on this device. wireguard_interfaces to read back its real public-key - give that to the remote peer, out of band, so it can configure its own side.
2. add_wireguard_peer (confirm=false then confirm=true) to register the remote side's public_key and the traffic (allowed_address) routed through it.
3. wireguard_peers to check last-handshake/rx/tx counters once the remote side connects, confirming the tunnel is actually passing traffic.
4. remove_wireguard_peer to revoke a peer later (e.g. a decommissioned site or a compromised key).

How the private-key/preshared-key redaction is enforced (belt-and-suspenders, two independent layers):

1. formatting.strip_sensitive_fields (with formatting.WIREGUARD_SENSITIVE_FIELDS = {"private-key", "preshared-key"}) is applied to every row these tools ever return - both read tools (wireguard_interfaces/wireguard_peers, in server.py) and every write tool's before/after preview (in guard.py's _redact_wireguard_row, applied before a WritePreview is ever constructed - see next point for why that ordering matters).
2. The audit journal never gets a chance to see one either. The write-guard's _audited decorator (v0.5) journals exactly whatever a guard.py function returns - so if redaction happened only in server.py (one layer up, after guard.py returns), a private-key would already be sitting in the audit journal (a file on disk, or a log line) by the time server.py got a chance to strip it. Every WireGuard write function in guard.py therefore redacts its own before/after before constructing the WritePreview the decorator will log. audit._SENSITIVE_KEY (extended this round to also match private, on top of the existing pre.?shared term that already covers preshared-key) is a second, independent line of defense on top of that, not a substitute for it.

See tests/test_guard.py's WireGuard section, tests/test_guard_audit.py's test_add_wireguard_interface_confirmed_call_never_leaks_private_key_into_journal, and tests/test_server.py's test_add_wireguard_interface_never_leaks_private_key_anywhere for the tests proving all of this: a fake device (tests/fakes.py) simulates RouterOS generating a real key pair - including a distinctively-marked private-key - on interface creation, and every test asserts that marker never reaches the tool's return value, the audit journal (before and after), or any other log line.

Hotspot vouchers (v0.14)

hotspot_active (read) lists who's currently logged into the RouterOS hotspot (/ip/hotspot/active) - user, address, mac-address, uptime, bytes-in/bytes-out. add_hotspot_user (write, guarded) creates a new voucher - a visitor login, not a device/API credential:

add_hotspot_user(name="visitor-42", password="Xk7mQ2p9", limit_uptime="02:00:00")

profile (an existing /ip/hotspot/user/profile name, e.g. to cap shared bandwidth), limit_uptime (a RouterOS duration), and limit_bytes_total (a positive integer byte quota) are all optional. Refuses to create a duplicate name - it never resets an existing voucher's password.

QR/voucher payload. The tool result always also includes username, password, and qr_payload - a plain string the caller renders as a QR code itself (this package deliberately does not generate a QR image - that would mean pulling in an imaging dependency for something a caller's own UI layer can do in a couple of lines). The format chosen for qr_payload is "<username>:<password>" - a plain, self-describing credential pair. Two alternatives were considered and rejected:

• A login URL (http://<hotspot>/login?username=..&password=..) would need a reliably-known hotspot LAN address, which this package has no way to determine for an arbitrary device/deployment - and RouterOS's actual captive-portal login is normally a POST carrying additional session-specific tokens (chap-id/chap-challenge), so a bare GET URL with a plaintext password wouldn't even reliably authenticate.
• A WIFI:T:WPA;S:<ssid>;P:<pass>;; payload is for auto-joining a WPA wireless network - a different credential (and a different protocol layer) than a hotspot LOGIN (walled-garden HTTP auth), which can just as easily run over a wired port.

username:password makes no claim about network topology or login mechanics that could turn out to be wrong for a given deployment. A caller integrating with a specific captive portal is free to build its own login URL (or its own QR format) from username/password plus its own known portal address.

The deliberate password asymmetry. Unlike every secret this package has handled before (a device password, a WireGuard private-key - never returned to any caller at all), a voucher's plaintext password is present in the tool's own result on both confirm=false (preview) and confirm=true (applied) - the caller needs it to hand to a visitor. It must still never reach the audit journal. No new redaction code was needed for that: audit._SENSITIVE_KEY already matches "password" case-insensitively at any depth of the journaled {"before": ..., "after": ...} summary (it's what already protects a device's own connection password - see the "Audit journal" bullet under "Production features" below), so the exact same after dict returned to the caller gets its password key silently dropped before audit.record() ever sees it. See tests/test_guard_audit.py's test_add_hotspot_user_password_never_in_audit_journal and tests/test_server.py's test_add_hotspot_user_password_in_result_but_never_in_audit_journal for the proof, at both the guard layer and the full MCP tool-call boundary.

Live traffic monitoring (torch) (v0.14)

torch answers "who is consuming bandwidth on this interface right now" - a single live snapshot via RouterOS's own real-time traffic monitor (/tool/torch interface=<interface> once=yes), built the same "once" monitor-style way as interface_traffic/poe_status/lte_status. interface is validated for shape before use; optional src_address/ dst_address/port filters are forwarded to RouterOS itself, narrowing the snapshot before it ever leaves the device - use them on a busy interface instead of fetching every flow and filtering client-side.

Regardless of how many flows RouterOS reports for the requested instant, the result's flows list is sorted by total traffic (tx+rx, biggest talkers first) and hard-capped at 50 entries - truncated is true whenever more flows matched than were returned, and total_matched always reports the real (pre-cap) count, the same "cap it, tell the caller how much was cut" shape connection_tracking (v0.11) already established. Diagnostic only - torch never changes device state, so (like ping/ traceroute) it is not gated by MIKROTIK_ALLOW_WRITE.

Backup (v0.14)

create_backup (write, guarded) creates a RouterOS system backup file (/system/backup/save name=<name>) - the device's full configuration (interfaces, firewall, users, ...) as one binary .backup file on its own storage. list_backups (read) lists existing ones - use it after create_backup to confirm a new backup landed and see its real size/creation-time.

create_backup refuses to overwrite an existing .backup file of the same name (ResourceAlreadyExistsError) - RouterOS's own /system/backup/save would otherwise silently overwrite one. An optional password encrypts the backup file itself (unrelated to any device/API credential) - it is redacted before the write's preview is ever constructed (the same "redact before constructing the preview" rule v0.13's WireGuard round established for private/preshared keys), so it never reaches the caller or the audit journal, either.

Backup restore is deliberately not exposed - see "Roadmap / non-goals" below: loading a backup overwrites a device's entire running configuration and reboots it, the same risk class as a remote reboot, with no meaningful before/after preview and no rollback if the wrong file (or the right file, at the wrong time) is loaded.

VLAN management (v1.2)

list_vlans (read) lists /interface/vlan rows, excluding disabled ones by default - same include_disabled convention as interfaces. add_vlan (write, guarded) creates one: name (the new RouterOS interface name, e.g. "vlan100"), vlan_id (1-4094, the IEEE 802.1Q tag), and interface (the parent it rides on top of, e.g. "bridge1"/"ether2" - not verified to exist here; RouterOS itself rejects an unknown parent at write time). mtu/comment are optional. It refuses to create a duplicate name (ResourceAlreadyExistsError) rather than silently reconfiguring an existing VLAN interface. remove_vlan (write, guarded) removes one by name, erroring (ResourceNotFoundError) if it doesn't exist.

add_vlan(device_name="core-switch", name="vlan100", vlan_id=100, interface="bridge1", confirm=false)  # preview
add_vlan(device_name="core-switch", name="vlan100", vlan_id=100, interface="bridge1", confirm=true)   # apply

Firewall rule reorder (by comment) (v1.2)

move_firewall_rule (write, guarded) reorders an existing /ip/firewall/filter rule - it never creates or otherwise edits a rule's fields (chain/action/etc); only its position in the chain's evaluation order changes. Same philosophy as enable_firewall_rule/ disable_firewall_rule (v0.11) above: authoring or generally modifying a firewall rule stays out of scope (a wrong rule can lock out remote management with no way to recover it over the same connection), so this only exposes the narrow, safe operation of moving an admin-authored rule that already exists.

Resolution: comment, never a dynamic index - the same STABLE, admin-controlled identifier enable_firewall_rule/disable_firewall_rule resolve a rule by, optionally narrowed by chain if more than one rule shares that comment. A comment that matches no rule raises ResourceNotFoundError; one that still matches more than one rule after narrowing raises AmbiguousResourceError - never guesses which one to move.

Destination: exactly one of two ways to say where. before_comment moves the rule to appear immediately before an existing rule identified by its own comment (resolved the same way, and also subject to AmbiguousResourceError if it isn't unique); position moves it to a 0-based index among the other rules (i.e. after the rule being moved is taken out of consideration) - a position at or beyond the end of that list moves it to the very end. Supplying both, or neither, raises ValidationError.

move_firewall_rule(device_name="core-switch", comment="Bloqueio_Ataque_X", position=0, confirm=false)  # preview
move_firewall_rule(device_name="core-switch", comment="Bloqueio_Ataque_X", position=0, confirm=true)   # apply

The returned preview's before/after report the rule's comment/chain plus its current vs. new position - not the full row (unlike enable_firewall_rule/disable_firewall_rule's preview), since no field on the rule itself is changing, only where it sits in the list.

PPP/PPPoE secrets (v1.3)

ppp_secrets (read) lists /ppp/secret rows - the CONFIGURED dial-in credentials (name, service, profile, remote-address, local-address, disabled, comment, last-logged-out) - as opposed to the pre-existing ppp_active, which lists currently-CONNECTED sessions. add_ppp_secret (write, guarded) creates a new one - a dial-in service credential, not a device/API login:

add_ppp_secret(name="fiber-customer-42", password="Xk7mQ2p9", service="pppoe", profile="default-encryption")

service (default "any") restricts which PPP service the secret may authenticate for - one of "pppoe"/"pptp"/"l2tp"/"ovpn"/"sstp"/ "any". profile (an existing /ppp/profile name, e.g. to assign an address pool or rate limit) and remote_address (a literal IP handed to the client on connect) and comment are all optional. Refuses to create a duplicate name. remove_ppp_secret (write, guarded) removes one by name, erroring (ResourceNotFoundError) if it doesn't exist, or (AmbiguousResourceError) if more than one row somehow shares that name - never guessing which one to remove.

Same risk class, same precedent as add_hotspot_user (v0.14). A /ppp/secret only grants network/dial-in access - it can never touch the router's own configuration, unlike a /user login (which is deliberately not on this package's roadmap - see "Roadmap & non-goals" below). So add_ppp_secret follows add_hotspot_user's password handling exactly: the plaintext password DELIBERATELY appears in this tool's own result (the caller supplied it and gets it echoed back as confirmation of exactly what was written), but never reaches the audit journal - audit._SENSITIVE_KEY already matches "password", so no new redaction code was needed. See tests/test_guard_audit.py's test_add_ppp_secret_password_never_in_audit_journal for the proof.

remove_ppp_secret redacts the opposite way: it looks up an EXISTING row first, and that row's own password field is stripped in guard.py - before the returned preview is ever constructed - so it can never leak into the tool's result or the audit journal either. See tests/test_guard.py's test_remove_ppp_secret_preview_never_includes_password for the proof.

ppp_secrets never returns a password field at all, the same formatting.strip_sensitive_fields mechanism wireguard_interfaces uses for a tunnel interface's private-key.

Security model

This section is the single consolidated reference for every control this package applies - to every read, and especially to every write. The philosophy is simple: read-only by default, writes are opt-in, allowlisted, previewed, and audited. No tool in this package ever accepts an arbitrary RouterOS API path or a free-form command.

Three independent controls apply to every write tool, all centralized in src/mcp_mikrotik/guard.py:

1. Read-only by default. MIKROTIK_ALLOW_WRITE defaults to false. With writes disabled, any write tool returns a clear error and never touches the device - the gate is checked before any read or write call is made.
2. Central allowlist, no generic command tool. There is no tool that accepts an arbitrary API path or command. Each write operation is a dedicated, named function (e.g. set_identity, enable_interface) mapped to exactly one API path and action in guard.ALLOWLIST. There is no code path by which a caller can reach an API path outside that table. As of v0.7, action isn't limited to update/add/remove: start_container/stop_container use start/stop to represent RouterOS's /container/start//container/stop ACTION commands - but the dispatch mechanism (getattr(client, op.action)) and the fixed, individually-reviewed MikrotikClient method it can ever reach are unchanged; see CHANGELOG.md's "How start/stop extends the guard". v0.10 adds a second such pair: clear_dns_cache/wake_on_lan use flush/wol for RouterOS's /ip/dns/cache/flush//tool/wol ACTION commands - same getattr(client, op.action) dispatch, same fixed reviewed MikrotikClient.flush/.wol methods, the only difference from start/stop being that neither targets a specific row/.id (there is no "list" to pick one row from - both are standalone, one-shot commands, dispatched via the connection's callable form like ping, not the path(*segments)(cmd, **{".id": id}) form start/stop use). set_wifi_ssid and set_client_bandwidth are the two exceptions to "one tool, one allowlist entry": because RouterOS exposes wifi under different paths depending on generation (ROS7 /interface/wifi vs ROS6 /interface/wireless) - and, on ROS7, the ssid itself lives in one of two different places depending on whether the interface references a named configuration (see "ROS7 wifi: configuration-based SSID" below) - set_wifi_ssid is backed by three fixed, reviewed allowlist entries (set_wifi_ssid_ros7/set_wifi_ssid_ros7_configuration/ set_wifi_ssid_ros6), and the guard function picks between them by reading the device: which path has a matching interface name, and then, for a ROS7 match, whether that interface's ssid is inline or lives on its referenced configuration profile. Likewise, set_client_bandwidth either updates an existing Simple Queue or creates a new one, so it is backed by set_client_bandwidth_update/set_client_bandwidth_add, and the guard function picks between them by checking whether a queue already targets the given target. In both cases the choice is made entirely by the guard function reading the device - never by accepting a path or an add-vs-update decision from the caller.
3. Explicit confirm with before/after preview. Every write tool takes a confirm: bool parameter. With confirm=False (the default), the tool computes and returns what would change - a before/after structure - without applying anything. Only confirm=True applies the change.

ROS7 wifi: configuration-based SSID

Confirmed against real ROS7 hardware (a mANTBox): in the standard production layout, a /interface/wifi interface references a named configuration (e.g. configuration=cfg1) and has no writable ssid field of its own - writing one directly there is rejected by RouterOS ("unknown parameter ssid"). The ssid instead lives on the referenced /interface/wifi/configuration row.

set_wifi_ssid resolves this automatically: for a ROS7 match, it checks the interface's own configuration field, looks up the matching /interface/wifi/configuration row by name, and reads/writes the ssid there (backed by the set_wifi_ssid_ros7_configuration allowlist entry). The before/after preview always reflects the ssid's real location - it is never synthesized on a field that doesn't actually exist on the device. Only a wifi interface with no named configuration at all (rare/legacy) keeps a genuinely inline ssid field, written directly on /interface/wifi as before. If neither shape is recognized (a configuration name that doesn't resolve, or an interface with neither an inline ssid nor a configuration reference), the tool raises a clear error rather than sending a write RouterOS would itself reject.

On top of the write guard:

• Never creates the target. Write tools that operate on a named resource (enable_interface/disable_interface/set_wifi_ssid/remove_simple_queue/ remove_from_address_list/set_poe_out/start_container/stop_container/ set_route_distance/enable_route/disable_route/remove_route/remove_netwatch/ enable_firewall_rule/disable_firewall_rule/add_wireguard_peer/ remove_wireguard_peer) look it up first - by name, by the v0.9 route tools' stable dst-address (+gateway/comment) identifier described in "Failover control" above, by the v0.11 firewall rule tools' comment (+chain) described in "Firewall rule toggle (by comment)" above, or, for the v0.13 WireGuard peer tools, by public-key/comment scoped to a given interface (described in "WireGuard management" above). If nothing matches, the tool raises a clear error instead of creating one - a typo can never silently provision something new. set_poe_out additionally requires the matched interface to actually have a poe-out field (i.e. be PoE-capable hardware) - a name that exists but isn't a PoE port raises the same clear error rather than doing nothing silently. add_wireguard_peer additionally requires its interface to already exist as a WireGuard tunnel - it never creates one (use add_wireguard_interface first). The v0.9 route tools, the v0.11 firewall rule tools, and the v0.13 remove_wireguard_peer additionally never resolve by a RouterOS .id or a list index (both can shift as rows are added/removed elsewhere on the device); if an identifier still matches more than one row after narrowing, AmbiguousResourceError is raised instead of guessing which one to touch.
• Never silently duplicates. add_static_dhcp_lease checks for an existing lease on the given mac_address first, add_to_address_list checks for an existing entry with the same list_name+address pair first, add_netwatch checks for an existing monitor on the given host first, add_wireguard_interface checks for an existing interface with the given name first, and add_wireguard_peer checks for an existing peer with the same public_key on the same interface first - each raising ResourceAlreadyExistsError instead of creating a second one - both for confirm=false previews and confirm=true applies.
• Structured API, not shell commands. All device communication goes through librouteros's structured API (path().select()/.add()/.update()/.remove(), and the callable form for one-off commands like ping). Nothing in this codebase builds a command by concatenating strings from user input, so command injection is ruled out by construction rather than by input filtering.
• Input validation on top, for its own sake. ping's address is still validated against an IPv4/IPv6/hostname pattern before use, purely to reject garbage input early with a clear error - not as an injection defense (see previous point).
• No secrets in output. Device.to_public_dict() is the only device representation ever returned to a tool caller, and it omits the password field entirely. Passwords are never logged. Since v0.8, wireguard_peers strips a private-key field from every row via formatting.strip_sensitive_fields before returning it - defensively, since RouterOS's own /interface/wireguard/peers reply doesn't carry one in the first place (see "VPN & routing diagnostics" above). Since v0.12, security_audit never copies a raw row (or a credential-shaped field from one) into a finding - every finding's text comes from a fixed template referencing only non-secret fields, even though several of the menus it reads (/ip/service, /snmp/community, wireless/wifi security profiles, /user) can carry a password/passphrase/community-string field
  • see "Security audit" above. Since v0.13, wireguard_interfaces and every WireGuard write tool (add_wireguard_interface/add_wireguard_peer/ remove_wireguard_peer) apply the same redaction to a genuinely secret-bearing menu - a tunnel interface's private-key and a peer's preshared-key - before a write's before/after preview is ever constructed, so guard.py's own audit journal (which logs exactly what a write function returns) can never carry one either; see "WireGuard management" above for the full two-layer redaction (guard.py first, audit._SENSITIVE_KEY as a second, independent line of defense).
• Structured errors. All errors raised inside the package derive from MikrotikMCPError (see src/mcp_mikrotik/exceptions.py) and are caught at the tool boundary in server.py. The exception is deliberately re-raised, not turned into an {"error": ...} result dict: MCP itself turns an exception propagating out of a tool into a proper isError tool result carrying just that exception's (already-safe) message, and letting the framework do that keeps every tool's declared return type honest (a successful logs call always returns list[dict], never sometimes a dict-shaped error instead). Unexpected exceptions are logged server-side and re-raised as a generic internal-error message, never as a raw traceback.

Production hardening: audit log, correlation IDs, retries, circuit breaker

The remaining layers around the write-guard mechanism above, aimed at running mcp-mikrotik unattended against a real fleet. None of them can weaken or bypass the read-only gate, the central allowlist, or the confirm/preview flow - every write still goes through guard.py exactly as described in "Security model", and the circuit breaker in particular never skips guard.py's read-only gate/allowlist check: that check runs first, entirely before MikrotikClient ever attempts a connection.

• Audit journal. Every guarded write call (guard.py, one of the ALLOWLIST operations) emits exactly one structured JSON-lines event - whether it previewed (confirm=false), applied (confirm=true), or failed at any point, however early (even a write blocked by the read-only gate before the device is ever touched). Each event has a timestamp, correlation_id, device_name, tool, operation (the ALLOWLIST key), action (add/update/remove/start/stop/flush/wol/save - see v0.7's start_container/stop_container, v0.10's clear_dns_cache/ wake_on_lan, and v0.14's create_backup), confirm, outcome (preview/applied/error), and a summary of the before/after change plus that write's warning (e.g. disable_route's default-route callout, remove_dhcp_lease's static-lease callout - see WritePreview.warning in guard.py), or the error. summary.warning is null for every write that carries no special risk. Never includes a device password or any field that looks like a secret - see src/mcp_mikrotik/audit.py's _sanitize(). Destination is MIKROTIK_AUDIT_LOG (a file path, appended to) if set, otherwise a plain INFO-level line via the standard logger (stderr). Writing the journal is always best-effort: a bad path or a permissions error is logged as a warning and never blocks or fails the write it is describing. Read tools are never journaled - only guarded writes are.
• Correlation IDs. Every MCP tool call (read or write) gets a short, unique id (uuid4().hex[:12]) for its duration - see src/mcp_mikrotik/correlation.py. It is bound once per call in server.py's _safe wrapper, appears in every audit journal entry a write call produces, and is prefixed onto the server-side log line if the call fails - so one id lets you grep everything one tool call did, end to end, without changing the shape of any error message returned to the caller.
• Read retry. path/ping/traceroute (every read primitive in src/mcp_mikrotik/client.py) automatically retry on a transient network error - a fresh connection attempt failing, or an in-flight command failing because of an underlying OSError (a dropped socket, a timeout) - with a short backoff (0.5s, then 1s). Up to MIKROTIK_READ_RETRIES extra attempts (default 2). A command rejected by RouterOS itself (a LibRouterosError, not an OSError) is never retried - it would just be rejected again. Writes never retry, regardless of this setting: update/add/remove/start/stop aren't guaranteed idempotent, so retrying one could duplicate or reapply a change.
• Circuit breaker. Each device gets its own in-memory, thread-safe breaker (client.CircuitBreaker, one instance per pooled MikrotikClient
  • see ClientPool). After MIKROTIK_BREAKER_THRESHOLD consecutive connection failures (default 3), the circuit opens: for the next MIKROTIK_BREAKER_COOLDOWN seconds (default 30), any call to that device - read or write - fails immediately with a clear circuit open for '<device>', retry after <t>s error, without attempting a connection at all. A single successful connection resets the failure count and closes the circuit. This is scoped purely to the connection step - it never decides whether a write is allowed (that's the read-only gate/allowlist in guard.py, always checked first) - it exists to stop a dead device (e.g. an antenna that fell over) from costing a full connect timeout on every single tool call.

TLS verification for api-ssl

RouterOS's api-ssl typically serves a self-signed certificate, so the default tls_verify: true (which validates against the system trust store, or an explicit tls_ca_cert if given) will fail out-of-the-box for most fleets. Two ways to make an SSL device work:

• Set tls_ca_cert: /path/to/ca.pem on the device entry, if you provision RouterOS with a certificate you can pin, keeping full verification.
• Set tls_verify: false on that specific device to skip certificate/hostname validation entirely. This is a deliberate, explicit, per-device trade-off (it drops MITM protection on that connection) - it is never the default, and it is opt-in per device, not global. See devices.yaml.example.

Development & CI

pip install -e ".[dev]"
pytest -q

The test suite never talks to a real router: tests/fakes.py provides an in-memory fake that implements the same minimal interface MikrotikClient expects from a librouteros connection, and it is injected via a client_factory parameter on build_server(). It currently has 1298 tests, zero of which touch a real device or the network, at 100% line coverage.

CI (.github/workflows/ci.yml, GitHub Actions) runs on every push to main and every pull request, as three separate jobs that must all pass before a change is considered mergeable:

• test - the full pytest suite against a matrix of Python 3.11, 3.12, and 3.13, with coverage measured (pytest --cov=mcp_mikrotik --cov-fail-under=95). The 95% floor is deliberately a little below the repo's actual coverage (100%, with two narrow # pragma: no cover exceptions - see CONTRIBUTING.md's "Test coverage") so a PR isn't blocked on a fraction-of-a-percent of genuinely hard-to-reach code, while still failing the build if coverage regresses meaningfully.
• lint - ruff check . (lint) and ruff format --check . (formatting), configured in pyproject.toml's [tool.ruff].
• typecheck - mypy src/mcp_mikrotik, configured in pyproject.toml's [tool.mypy]. librouteros ships no type stubs, so it's covered instead by client.py's own RouterosConnection/RouterosPath Protocols, which the rest of the codebase is type-checked against.

Run all three locally before opening a PR - see CONTRIBUTING.md for the exact commands, plus the full checklist a PR is reviewed against (the security-model rules every write tool must follow, and the step-by-step guide for adding a new tool, read or write). See ROADMAP.md for what's next and why - candidate tools are filtered through the same security-model invariants before landing there.

Roadmap & non-goals

Delivered through 1.0

Every tool round originally planned for this project has shipped - see CHANGELOG.md for the full version-by-version detail:

• Core read tools + guarded writes (v0.1-v0.4): device/interface/route reads, set_identity, enable_interface/disable_interface, set_wifi_ssid, set_client_bandwidth, add_static_dhcp_lease, remove_simple_queue, add_to_address_list/remove_from_address_list.
• Production hardening (v0.5): audit journal, correlation IDs, read retry, circuit breaker - see "Security model" above.
• Physical layer, LTE, containers, USB (v0.6-v0.7): set_poe_out, lte_status/lte_interfaces, start_container/stop_container + containers/container_config, usb_devices.
• VPN/routing diagnostics + failover control (v0.8-v0.9): wireguard_peers, ppp_active, ipsec_active_peers, bgp_sessions, ospf_neighbors, netwatch (read), plus the guarded failover write tools set_route_distance/enable_route/disable_route/ add_netwatch/remove_netwatch - see "Failover control" above. Netwatch up/down-script configuration itself remains deliberately out of scope (manual, on the device) - see "Netwatch scripts are never accepted" above for why.
• DNS/DHCP/Wake-on-LAN write tools (v0.10): add_static_dns/ remove_static_dns, clear_dns_cache, remove_dhcp_lease, wake_on_lan - see "DNS management", "DHCP lease removal", and "Wake-on-LAN" above. Only the two simplest static DNS record types ("A"/"CNAME") are exposed; other RouterOS record types (AAAA/MX/TXT/NS/...) remain a future decision, not silently widened here.
• Firewall rule toggle + connection tracking (v0.11): enable_firewall_rule/disable_firewall_rule (a disabled TOGGLE only, on an existing, admin-authored rule resolved by comment - never rule creation or any other field) and connection_tracking (mandatory filter, hard-capped at 100 rows) - see "Firewall rule toggle (by comment)" and "Connection tracking (filtered)" above.
• Security audit + security-relevant log events (v0.12): security_audit, security_events - see "Security audit" above. Both are read-only and heuristic: security_audit does not (and will not) auto-remediate anything it finds - every finding exists to inform a human/LLM decision, not to be acted on automatically. Widening its check list (e.g. NAT exposure, more RouterOS-version-specific CVE checks) is a future decision, not silently expanded here.
• WireGuard VPN management (v0.13): wireguard_interfaces, add_wireguard_interface, add_wireguard_peer, remove_wireguard_peer - see "WireGuard management" above.
• Hotspot vouchers, live traffic monitoring, and backup (v0.14): hotspot_active, torch, list_backups, add_hotspot_user, create_backup - see "Hotspot vouchers", "Live traffic monitoring (torch)", and "Backup" above.
• 1.0.0: no new tools - a polish/consolidation round (ambiguity handling on remove_netwatch, the audit journal carrying a write's warning, and this README).

Non-goals

These are deliberately not exposed, not because they're technically hard, but because the standard guard/confirm/preview mechanism isn't sufficient protection for them on its own - see the comment above ALLOWLIST in guard.py:

• Device reboot (/system/reboot): there's no meaningful before/after preview for a reboot, and a bad batch reboot across a fleet has no dry-run or rollback. Would need its own confirmation/cooldown policy first.
• Backup RESTORE (/system/backup/load): same risk class as reboot - loading a backup overwrites the device's entire running configuration and reboots it, with no meaningful before/after preview and no rollback. create_backup/list_backups only ever create/list backup files; restoring one stays a manual, on-device (WinBox/CLI) operation until it has its own confirmation/cooldown policy.
• Firewall filter rule CREATION or general modification (any ip/firewall/filter write other than the disabled toggle): a single wrong rule (e.g. one that blocks the API port itself) can lock out all remote management access to the device, with no way to recover it over the same connection. Would need staged/rollback support (e.g. RouterOS safe mode) before it belongs in the allowlist - enable_firewall_rule/disable_firewall_rule sidestep that risk entirely by only ever touching a rule an admin already wrote and reviewed themselves, never authoring one.
• A generic "run this RouterOS command/path" tool: this is not a gap to be filled later - it is the exact failure mode this project exists to avoid (see "Status" above). Every write will always be a dedicated, named, individually-reviewed function in guard.ALLOWLIST, never an arbitrary path+action a caller supplies.

Post-1.0 ideas

• Further write tools are added by extending guard.ALLOWLIST with one new named operation and function each - see the comment block at the top of guard.py. Do not add a generic write tool.
• A second entrypoint that periodically polls devices and pushes metrics to Firebase is planned to reuse MikrotikClient/get_client from client.py. Not implemented yet - see the TODO(collector) note at the bottom of client.py.

License

Apache-2.0 - see LICENSE.